Pile-cutting mechanism for double-pi le-fabric looms



2 SheetsSheet 1;

(No Model.)

A. REACHMAN'. PILE GUTTING MECHANISM FOR DOUBLE PILE FABRIC LOOMS.

No. 414,670. Patented Nov. 12 1889..

76% e Jt N. FmRS. "WWW, VII-63mm. II C.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-' -Sheet 2.

P. BAGHMAN. PILE CUTTING MEGHANISM FOR DOUBLE PILB FABRIC LOOMS.

No. 414,670. Patented Nov. 12, 1889.

WKM 47' W0 Unites STATES PATENT rricE.

ARCHIBALD P. BACHMAN, OF TRENTON, NElV JERSEY.

FILE-CUTTING MECHANISM FOR DOU'BLE-PlLE-FABRlC LOOMS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 414,670, dated November 12, 1889.

Application filed April 22, 1889.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that I, ARCHIBALD 1. EACH- MAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Trenton, county. of Mercer, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pile-Cutting Mechanisms for Double-Pile-Fabrie Looms, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying ,drawlugs, formii'ig a part of the same.

The present improvements relate to the pile-cutting mechanism of looms for making plush or pile fabrics, and more particularly to that class of such looms wherein two pieces of fabric are simultaneously woven with a pile counectiiig the two, which pile is subsequently severed to produce the two fabrics each with a cut pile or plush surface.

The improvements consist in an improved means for operating the knife for severing the pile uniting the two fabrics. In illustrating these improvements I have shown them applied to a loom having a general construction like that shown in United States Letters Patent No. 40,754.

In the drawings, Figure]. is a front end view,

and Fig. 2 a longitudinal sectional view, of

nection with a loom constructed substan ti'ally like that in the patent referred to, and the illustration here made will be described in a general way only, it being introduced for the purpose of rendering the application and operation of the present improvements more clear. Many of the parts are such as are common to all looms.

The warp-threads are taken from the beams A I C, and pass through the heddle-eyes of the harness 2 3 4, &c., the sheds being formed by the groups of threads a b, c d, e f, and g h, and the two fabrics i 72, formed from the warps and suitable filling and connected together by the pile, are completed between the gageplates 12- 13, one or both of which shown in Fig.

Serial No. 308,050. (No model.)

may be made adjustable, so as to determine the distance the two fabrics shall be apart, and thus regulate .the pile of each. This double fabric, when out apart by severingthe pile centrally, forms the two single fabrics i n, which are passed over the cloth-rolls l .l' and wound up in a well-known manner. The bottom gage-plate 13 is fastened in place by having its ends bolted to the side frames K L, and the upper gage-plate 12 is supported from it by means of ears 50 51 and suit-able bolts 52, these fastenings'being placed near each selvage-point. The knifeblade 7:, by which the pile is severed, is secured in a trevette E, which is a metal carrier provided with bearers 533 54, by which it is adapted to slide freely upon a rod 55, that is secured to said side frames K L at a point appropriately distant from the gage-plates 12 13 to cause the knife 7;, as the trevette is reciprocated, to protrude just within the throat formed by said plates 12 13, and out the pile uniting the two fabrics in a manner well There is a central section 56, removable from the trevelte and appropriately recessed, so as to receive, retain, and permit the adjustment of the knife 7; in said trevet-te.

The trevette E is provided at its opposite ends with holes 57 58, by which the ends of a rope 60 may be attached thereto, sockets (it? (32 providing for the fastening of the free ends of said rope. This rope passes around pul' leys (35 (36 (37 68, and is wound one or more times around a .large pulley 70, which is mounted at the front of the loom and is provided with a drum 71, over which passes a strap 7 3, secured to said drum and having its opposite ends secured, respectively, to levers Z t, which levers are fulcrumed to the frame of the loom (see Fig. 2) and provided with bowls which are acted upon by a pair of reversely-arranged twin cams 9O 91, secured upon a shaft 92. The cams 90 91 are so formed that as the shaft 92 is revolved they act upon the leverst Z in such a manner as to oscillate the drum 71 and pulley 70, .and through the rope G0 to give a steady reciprocating movement to the trevette E, thus causing the knife is to make one coniplete1reciprocation at each revolution of" said shaft.

This rope is kept atproper tension by making the stud of the pulley 66 ad justablein a slot 100 in the frame-work.

In former constructions the trevette carrying the knife has in some cases been operated by a tappet movement, which gives it a sudden throw, first in one direction and then in the other, similar to the movement of shuttles, and in other cases the trevette has been operated by abrupt cams, which caused it to move abruptly from side to side of the loom and to pause at each end of its stroke for a time about equal to the time occupied in making the stroke. This rapid movement and sudden starting and stopping of the trevette caused it to vibrate in its reciprocation, and thus to cut the pile unevenly, thereby making it necessary to shear the fabric in order to give it an even and perfect surface and to Weave it with a pile of extra length, so as to compensate for the loss in shearing, the defective operation of the trevette thus causing a considerable losstirst in causing the shearing of the fabric, and, second, in the material wasted.

By operating the trevette through opposite cams 9O 91 and a rope 60 with intervening connections that cause a constant strain to be maintained in opposite directions on the trevette the latter is not only held rigidly, so that its knife-edge will travel in a true plane equidi tant from the plates 12 13, but its movement will be positive, steady, and even and without tendency to vibrate. The cams 90 91 are, will be observed, so formed that the trevette does not dwell at the ends of its strokes and is brought to rest and started very easily and gradually. The trevette, having no dwell at the ends of its strokes, can be and is moved at a much less average speed. Thus an even cutting of the pileis secured and the necessity of weaving the pile extra long is avoided.

In order to prevent the knife It from becoming dull during its operation in the machine, and thus failing to completely sever the pile, I have provided a sharpening apparatus c0nnected with the loom in such a manner that the knife shall during each reciprocation of the trevette be acted upon so as to maintain its sharpened edge. This sharpening device consists of two grinding-surfaces 3O 31, one (30) adapted to engage with the lower face of the knife, and the other (31) to engage with the upper face of the knife,'and thus grind the same to a perfect cutting-edge. In the form shown these grinding-surfaces are made by providing leather stocks with an emery surface; but any other suitable sharpening material may be employed. The stock carrying the lower grinding-surface 30 has the stock carrying the upper grinding-surface 31 attached to it by' a hinged joint, so that they may yield slightly, and thus the two grindingsurfaces receive the knife-blad e between them and press equally with a yielding force thereon. This pressure may be regulated by the application to the upper stock of a weight 32. This sharpening device is attached near one or both of the selvage-points by securing it to the lower gage-plate 13 by means'of a screw-bolt 39, as shown in Fig. 6, or in any other appropriate manner.

Thus constructed and mounted in a loom the operation will be as'follows: during each reciprocation of the trevette it will, after having traversed the 100111 in one direction, cutting the pile as it passes between the gageplates 12 13, cause the said blade 70 to enter between the grinding-surfaces 3O 31, as shown in Fig. 6, and pass through the same from left to right, while in the return movement, to complete the reciprocation, the blade will traverse from right to left between said grindingsurfaces. In these movements it is obvious that a grinding or sharpening operation will be performed upon the blade by the mere rubbing pressure of the grinding-surfaces upon it, and that it will thus be kept in a prime condition to perfectly sever the pile.

The sharpening device has been referred to' as if only one such device is used, and that upon the right-hand side of the loom. This may be the case, and the one upon either the right or the left hand'side of the loom be the one employed. If, however, a, second one is used, it will be mounted upon the left-hand side of the loom, as shown in Fig. 1, where-' upon a repetition of the sharpening operation will be performed at the left-hand side of the loom, as the trevette causes the knife to pass out at that side of the loom in making its reciprocation.

What is claimed is The combination, with the trevette E, carrying the knife for severing the pile, of the rope 60, its pulley 70, drum and strap 71 7 3, levers t Z, and reverse1y-arranged cams 9O 91, formed to give continuous reciprocating movement to the trevette without pauses at the ends of its strokes, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

AROHIBALD P. BAOHMAN. \Vitnesses:

J. J. KENNEDY,

H. T. MU vsoN. 

